منابع مشابه
Elections and Civil War in Africa*
T he view that multiparty elections in changing authoritarian regimes should be held sooner rather than later has been increasingly under attack. Critics argue that, under conditions of low institutional development, multiparty elections may lead to violence and civil war, rather than to the peaceful allocation of authority that everyone desires. Starting from the premise that elections are str...
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As nation-state leaders age they increasingly engage in inter-state militarized disputes yet in industrialized societies a steady decrease in testosterone associated with aging is observed--which suggests a decrease in dominance behavior. The current paper points out that from modern societies to Old World monkeys increasing both in age and social status encourages dominant strategies to mainta...
متن کاملW3: PTSD and War
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after a terrifying event involving physical injury or the threat of physical harm in war. Eight years of war after Iraq attacked Iran (between 1980-1988) caused thousands of PTSD among Iranian soldiers as well as civilians. Many of those people are suffering several decades from this form of anxiety most now a complicated form of complex PTSD. Y...
متن کاملElections and Technology
Over the past 20 years, electoral administrators have readily adopted two main types of technology into the electoral process: database systems (to support voter registration systems) and geographical information systems (GIS, for re-districting and logistics planning). It should be noted that, while they have brought great benefits in efficiency and effectiveness to the electoral process, thes...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Studies Quarterly
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0020-8833
DOI: 10.1111/isqu.12159